Abstract
This talk explores how architectural monuments have been transformed, preserved, neglected or made into state symbols in the modern states of Romania and Serbia. It identifies the transnational networks of architects and travellers who discovered, wrote about, preserved and rebuilt historical buildings in the region to argue that transnational relations underpin the formation of national canons, especially in art and architecture. These exchanges shaped not only the practical approaches to restoration but also the symbolic role of monuments within newly forming national narratives.
At the core of this analysis are the meanings assigned to old buildings in the newly emerged nation-states. Ranging from the neglect of monuments that did not fit the national canon (such as those of ethnic or religious communities) to their complete transformation, the multitude of significances speak about exclusivist nature of heritage-building and the diverse nature of the societies at the time.
The talk also considers the rise of modern restoration theory and practice in the region. Many of the questions debated during this period remain relevant today: Which layers of a monument's history should be preserved? Should restoration interventions be visible or discreet? Whose voices and interests should guide conservation decisions? And how can historical monuments be meaningfully integrated into the needs and expectations of modern societies?